Pakistan has introduced a new anti-extremism policy, the National Prevention of Violent Extremism (NPVE) Policy, aimed at tackling the rising wave of armed attacks, particularly by the Tehreek e Taliban Pakistan (TTP), and addressing the root causes of violent extremism. The policy emphasizes a “whole-of-society” approach that blends military force with non-kinetic methods, such as changes to school curricula, religious and social media outreach, and community engagement. It seeks to move away from relying solely on military operations, which have been criticized for achieving only temporary results.
The policy was developed by the National Counter Terrorism Authority (NACTA) and approved in December 2024. Its key goals include addressing the underlying drivers of extremism, such as ideology and socioeconomic factors. While the policy introduces new strategies, experts are skeptical, questioning whether it can overcome challenges like political instability, lack of implementation details, and the military’s central role in Pakistan’s security approach. The NPVE comes at a time when violence has surged, with 2,526 deaths in 2024, mostly from TTP-led attacks.
The Heart of the Issue: Extremism and Terrorism
In the shadow of towering mountains and vast deserts, a storm is brewing in South Asia — one that threatens to divide the people of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Extremism and terrorism are not just distant terms for the youth in these regions; they are powerful forces that threaten to shape their futures. Fueled by a deep sense of injustice, frustration, and alienation, extremism casts a dark shadow over the region, with young people at its center.
Across the globe, extremism has fueled violent ideologies and widespread instability. But in South Asia, this challenge has taken on a more personal, intimate dimension. It is not just about borders and politics; it is about young minds searching for belonging in a world that seems increasingly fractured. Extremism preys on these insecurities, while terrorism takes its most brutal form — not just as a tactic, but as a tool to strike fear, demand attention, and attempt to reshape the world.
The Thin Line Between Extremism and Terrorism
Imagine a young person, struggling to find their place in a society burdened by conflict and economic instability. They are bombarded with the message: “The world is against you. Fight back.” In this climate, extremism grows. It doesn’t happen overnight — it creeps into the minds of those who feel disconnected, those who are told they are victims of an unjust system. It feeds on feelings of frustration and alienation, twisting a desire for belonging into a dangerous ideology.
Extremists view the world in stark black-and-white terms — us vs. them. These ideological divides prevent any room for dialogue, tolerance, or understanding. For them, compromise is weakness. If peaceful means are unavailable, violence becomes the answer.
When these ideas escalate, they give birth to terrorism — a grotesque manifestation of extremism. Terrorists see themselves as warriors on a divine mission, willing to sacrifice everything, including innocent lives, for the sake of their ideology. Their goal is clear: instill fear, disrupt societies, and force others to accept their version of reality. In places like Pakistan and Afghanistan, this violent path often targets the very youth who have been left disillusioned and without direction.
The Vulnerable Yet Powerful Youth
The youth are the lifeblood of any society, and in the context of extremism, they are often both the target and the perpetrators. They are at a stage in life where identities are fluid, and their sense of belonging is still being shaped. This makes them prime candidates for radicalization. In Pakistan and Afghanistan, many young people grow up in environments where political instability, economic hardship, and historical trauma collide. The state is often a distant, unresponsive entity, and the future seems bleak.
In these conditions, extremist groups find fertile ground. They offer young people a sense of purpose, mission, and community. To these young minds, extremism can appear as a path to honor, glory, and significance in a world that seems indifferent to their struggles. But while this may seem like an escape, it is, in reality, a trap. The promises of empowerment and purpose often come with devastating consequences.
However, the youth are not lost causes. Their vulnerability to extremism can be turned into a powerful force for good. The same energy, creativity, and passion that extremists exploit for violence can be harnessed for peace. The youth have the potential to be catalysts for change — but they need to be equipped with the right tools, perspectives, and opportunities.
Islam’s Message of Balance
At the heart of the problem lies a distortion of religion. Islam, the dominant faith in both Pakistan and Afghanistan, offers a path of balance and moderation. The Quran, the holy book of Islam, calls for a just and balanced way of life, free from extremism.
In Surah Al-Baqarah (2:143), Allah says:
“And thus we have made you a just and balanced nation…”
This verse emphasizes the concept of wasatiyyah, which translates to moderation — a way of life that steers clear of extremes. The teachings of Islam advocate for peace, justice, and tolerance. Islam is not a religion of violence; rather, it is a guide for living harmoniously with others, regardless of background or belief. Yet, in the hands of extremists, this message has been twisted into something unrecognizable, encouraging division and violence.
By returning to the core values of Islam — compassion, justice, and moderation — we can break the cycle of violence. Islam calls for balance in all things, whether in religion, politics, or social life. If we can remind young people of this, we can begin to counter the narrative that fuels extremism.
Balancing Hope with Action
To break the vicious cycle of extremism and terrorism, Pakistan and Afghanistan need more than just policies; they need a cultural shift. Young people must be offered alternative paths — ways to channel their energy and passion into constructive and meaningful actions. This is where a balanced approach becomes crucial. Here are some steps to guide the next generation toward peace:
- Education as the Antidote: Knowledge is the first line of defense. Education about the true, peaceful teachings of Islam, the history of the region, and the importance of tolerance can help counter extremist ideologies. But education must also be practical, teaching young people skills that allow them to build a future beyond conflict — from science and technology to critical thinking and leadership.
- Community Building and Dialogue: The youth need spaces where they can come together, share their concerns, and find common ground. Dialogue is a powerful tool. Religious leaders, educators, and community activists must create platforms where young people from different backgrounds can engage in meaningful conversations about their shared future. It is only by bridging divides and fostering mutual understanding that we can begin to heal the wounds of extremism.
- Unity Through Shared Identity: The challenges facing Pakistan and Afghanistan are vast, but they are not insurmountable. By promoting a sense of shared identity, whether through cultural exchanges, joint sports events, or collaborative community projects, young people can find solidarity. This sense of belonging can replace the false promises of extremism with the strength of unity.
- Providing Opportunities, Not Extremism: When young people feel economically secure, they are less likely to be swayed by the false allure of radical ideologies. Offering youth opportunities for employment, entrepreneurship, and leadership development can provide them with a brighter future — one that is built on hope, not violence.
- Youth as Leaders in Peacebuilding: The youth are not just followers; they can be leaders. By involving young people in peacebuilding efforts — from local community initiatives to larger regional projects like the Pakistan-Afghanistan Youth Forum — we can tap into their innovative ideas and energy. They are not the problem; they are part of the solution.
Also See: Reclaiming Campuses: How Pakistan’s Universities Can Counter Extremism and Shape a Safer Future
A Collective Mission
The fight against extremism and terrorism cannot be won by governments alone. It requires a collective, concerted effort — from religious leaders, educators, families, and, most importantly, the youth. By embracing a balanced approach rooted in Islam’s teachings of peace and moderation, we can guide the next generation toward a future of hope, not violence.
